Peridotite
Chemical Process (Liquid-phase Growth) - Closed system under ground (Melt precipitation)
Synonym
Ultramafic rock
Mineral composition
Mafic minerals > 70 vol% (Mafic)
Chemical composition
SiO2 < 45 wt% (Basic).
Texture
Equigranular texture composed of grains more than a few mm.
Equigranular texture composed of grains more than a few mm, associated with larger euhedral phenocrysts.
Required Geological Setting
Accretionary complexes, Island arc volcanoes
Occurrence
Rock forming minerals in peridotite, mafic (basic) plutonic rock formed from magma under ground. Peridotite is the major constituent of mantle, and also formed by differentiation of basaltic magma. Peridotites originated from mantle and oceanic plates were accreted as parts of accretionary complexes. Peridotite also observed as accidental fragments associated with pyroclastics and xenoliths in basalt. Mantle is composed of pyroxenites and lherzolite, refractory material of the upper mantle after forming tholeiitic magma is composed of harzburgite. Cumulate rocks by differentiation in magma chambers are composed of wehrlite and dunite. Very rarely, dunite is also formed as serpentinite subjected to contact metamorphism.
Mineral Assemblages
Dunite: Forsterite
Harzburgite: Forsterite, Orthopyroxene (Enstatite)
Wehrlite: Forsterite, Clinopyroxene (Diopside)
Lherzolite: Forsterite, Orthopyroxene (Enstatite), Clinopyroxene (Diopside), Pyrope
Pyrxenite: Orthopyroxene (Enstatite), Clinopyroxene (Diopside)
Accessary minerals: Plagioclase (Low-P), Spinel (Chromite, Moderate-P), Pyrope (High-P)