List of fossils in Tochigi prefecture

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List of fossils in Tochigi prefecture

A list of fossils reported from Tochigi prefecture, Kanto region, Honshu island, Japan.

Photographs of outcrops and fossils in Tochigi prefecture

Paleozoic

Fusulinids: Parafusulina edoensis

Permian (298.9-252.17 Ma)

Cartilaginous fish: Petalodus sp., (Teeth); Xenachanthus sp., (Teeth)

Trilobites: Pseudophillipsia kiriuensis; Pseudophillipsia kuzuensis

Gastropoda: Euconospira nipponica

Brachiopoda: Acosarina rectimarginata; Cartorhium coristum; Cleiothyridina hayasakai; Cooperina inexpectata; Cooperina nipponica; Echinauris lateralis; Enteletes acutiplicatus; Eolyttonia kiryuensis; Goniarina permiana; Leptodus sp.; Martinia sp.; Meekella gigantea; Metriolepis kuzuensis; Orthotichia japonica; Squamularia sp.; Streptorhynchus sp.; Transennatia sp.; Tropidelasma yamasugensis; Vediproductus sp.

Lycopods: Lepidodendron sp., Scale tree

Corals: Paraipciphyllum sp.; Yatsengia sp.

Fusulinids: Codonofusiella paradoxica; Neoschwagerina colaniae; Parafusulina sp.; Parafusulina kaerimizensis; Parafusulina yabei; Schwagerina japonica; Schwagerina yabei => Rugososchwagerina yabei; Schwagerina yabei => Rugososchwagerina yabei

Calcareous algae

Triassic (252.17-201.3 Ma)

Radiolarians: Archaeosemantis cristianensis; Archaeosemantis venusta; Cryptostephanidium sp.; Eptingium sp.; Haeckelicyrtium breviora; Hinedorcus aff. alatus; Hozmadia gifuensis; Ladinocampe japonica; Parentactinia nakatsugawaensis; Pentactinocarpus fusiformis; Plafkerium? sp.; Spinotriassocampe annulata; Tiborella florida; Triassocampe sp.; Triassocampe coronata; Yeharaia cornigera

Jurassic (201.3-145.0 Ma)

Ammonoids: Cleviceras cf. chrysanthemum; Kranaosphinctes matsushimai

Radiolarians: Archaeohagiastrum munitum; Archaeospongoprunum sp.; Belleza decora; Emiluvia sp.; Eucyrtidiellum unumaense; Gorgansium sp.; Guexella nudata; Hiscocapsa robusta; Jacus wakitai => Napora wakitai; Japonocapsa fusiformis; Kilinora spiralis; Laxtorum? jurassicum; Orbiculiforma? sp.; Palinandromeda sp.; Pantanellium sp.; Parahsuum simplum; Perispyridium sp.; Pseudoristola sp.; Solenotryma? sp.; Williriedellum tetragona

Miocene (23.03-5.33 Ma)

Mammals

superfamily Mysticeti, Baleen whale: family Balaenopteridae, Rorqual whale

superfamily Odontoceti, Toothed whale, (Tympanic bulla, Teeth): family Kentriodontidae

infraorder Pinnipedia, Fin-footed mammal

Fishes (Scales, Fins, Bones)

family Pleuronectidae, Righteye flounder: Microstomus tochigiensis; Platichthys miostellatus

family Pomacentridae: Pomacentrus sp.

Sharks (Teeth): Carcharhinus sp.; Carcharodon megalodon => Carcharocles megalodon, (Teeth); Isurus hastalis => Cosmopolitodus hastalis, Broad-tooth white shark; family Pristiophoridae

Cephalopoda: Mizuhobaris izumoensis

Crustaceans

suborder Balanomorpha, Barnacle

Ostracod: Cornucoquimba kagitoriensis; Cornucoquimba moniwensis; Cornucoquimba saitoi; Cythere omotenipponica; Cytheropteron sendaiense; Hermanites? posterocostatus => Caudites posterocostatus; Laperousecythere sp.; Laperousecythere sendaiensis; Neonesidea sp.; Paracytheridea neolongicaudata; Schizocythere kishinouyei

Insects: Meimuna protopalifera

Bivalvia: Acila divaricata, Divaricate nut clam; Adulomya? sp.; Aequipecten yanagawaensis => Cryptopecten yanagawaensis; Anadara hataii; Anadara ninohensis; Chlamys akutsui; Chlamys arakawai; Chlamys cosibensis; Chlamys crassivenium => Gloripallium crassivenium; Chlamys hataii; Chlamys iwamurensis; Chlamys kaneharai => Mimachlamys kaneharai; Chlamys miyatokoensis; Chlamys otukae; Clinocardium ohganense; Cnesterium notabilis => Yoldia notabilis; Crassostrea gigas => Magallana gigas, Pacific oyster; Cultellus izumoensis; Cuspidaria sp.; Cyclocardia cf. ochiaiensis; Cyclocardia siogamensis; Cyclopecten tochigiensis; Dosinia kaneharai => Kaneharaia kaneharai; Ennucula akitana; Gloripallium crassivenium; Glycymeris cisshuensis; Laevicardium shiobarense; Lima goliath => Acesta goliath; Lucinoma sp.; Lucinoma acutilineata; Lucinoma annulata, Western ridged lucina; Lucinoma spectabilis; Macoma optiva; Megangulus sp.; Mercenaria sp.; Mercenaria chitaniana; Miyagipecten matsumoriensis; Musculus sp.; Mya cuneiformis; Myadora cf. suzuensis; Mytilus sp.; Nanaochlamys notoensis; Nemocaridum samarangae => Keenaea samarangae; Panomya simotomensis; Panopea japonica, Japanese geoduck; Patinopecten cf. kimurai nakosoensis => Mizuhopecten cf. kimurai nakosoensis; Patinopecten paraplebejus => Mizuhopecten paraplebejus; Placopecten akihoensis; Portlandia sp.; Pycnodonte sp.; Saccella sp.; Serripes groenlandicus, Greenland cockle; Solemya tokunagai => Acharax johnsoni; Solen sp.; Thracia sp.; Thyasira bisecta => Conchocele bisecta, Giant cleftclam; Vasticardium sp.; Yoldia sp.

Scaphopoda: Fissidentalium yokoyamai

Gastropoda: Boreotrophon sp.; Buccinum sp.; Calliostoma cf. otaniensis; Cancellaria sp.; Charonia sp., Triton's trumpet; Conotalopia sp.; Conus moniwaensis; Diodora sp.; Epitonium yabei; Eudolium nipponicum; Fulgoraria sp.; Gemmula shokonshaensis; Natica sp.; Neptunea hukusimensis; Neptunea koromogawana; Neverita kiritaniana => Neverita didyma, Bladder moon snail; Olivella iwakiensis; Perotrochus otoensis; Phos iwakianus; family Pleurotomariidae; Puncturella sp.; Sinum ineptum; Siphonalia prespadices; Turritella tanaguraensis; Umbonium sp.

Flowering plants: Acer nordenskioeldi; Fraxinus sp., Ash; Litseaphyllum sp.; Poacites sp.; Pterocarya sp., Wing nut; Sapindus? sp.

Conifers: Glyptostrobus europaeus; Taxodium dubium

Ferns: Osmunda sp.

Corals: order Scleractinia, Stony coral

Foraminifera: Ammonia japonica; Amphicoryna fukushimaensis; Bolivina robusta; Buccella tanaii; Cibicides sp.; Cibicides lobatulus => Cibicidoides lobatulus; Cibicides pseudoungerianus => Cibicidoides pseudoungeriana; Elphidium? sp.; Epistominella pulchella; Fohsella peripheroacuta; Gaudryina ishikiensis; Globorotalia rikuchuensis; Globoturborotalita nepenthes; Islandiella cf. norcrossi; Lenticulina nikobarensis; Melonis barleeanus; Melonis pompilioides; Nonionella sp.; Nonionellina labradorica; Nonion japonicum => Nonionella japonica; Orbulina sp.; Paragloborotalia siakensis; Praeorbulina sicana; Quinqueloculina seminulum => Quinqueloculina seminula; Uvigerina sp.; Virgulinella sp.

Sponges: Aphrocallistes sp.

Radiolarians: Actinosphaera sp.; Ceratocyrtis sp.; Ceratocyrtis cf. sinuosa; Cyrtocapsella japonica; Hymeniastrum sp.; Lophophaena sp.; Lychnocanoma magnacornuta; Ommatartus hughesi => Diartus hughesi; Rhizosphaera sp.; Spongodiscus biconcavus; Tholospyris sp.; Xiphospira sp.

Nannoplankton: Calcareous nannoplankton

Diatoms: Actinocyclus ingens; Actinoptychus undulatus => Actinocyclus undulatus; Arachnoidiscus ehrenbergii; Aulacodiscus kittonii; Auliscus sculptus => Eupodiscus sculptus; Biddulphia tuomeyi var. tridentata => Biddulphia tridentata f. tridentata; Cocconeis contrerasi; Cocconeis vitrea; Coscinodiscus marginatus; Cymbella sp.; Denticulopsis hustedtii => Denticula hustedtii; Diploneis crabro => Pinnularia crabro; Endictya robustus => Coscinodiscus robustus f. robustus; Hemidiscus cuneiformis; Melosira sulcata => Gaillonella sulcata; Plagiogramma sp.; Rhabdonema sp.; Rhaphoneis amphiceros; Rhizosolenia hebetata => Rhizosolenia semispina; Stephanopyxis schenckii; Stictodiscus hardmanianus; Synedra jouseana; Thalassiosira manifesta; Triceratium favus f. quadrata => Triceratium favus var. quadrata

Trace fossils: Boring shells; Pipe rocks; family Serpulidae, (Tubes); Teredo sp., Shipworm, (Tubes)

Quaternary

Mammals: Cervas (Nipponicervus) praenipponicus => Cervus praenipponicus; Meles sp., Badger

Pleistocene (2.58- 0.01Ma)

Mammals: Anourosorex japonicus; Apodemus argenteus, Small Japanese field mouse; Apodemus speciosus, Large Japanese field mouse; Bison sp.; Canis lupus, Wolf, (Jaws); Cervus (Nipponicervus) praenipponicus => Cervus praenipponicus; Dicerorhinus nipponicus; Lepus brachyurus subsp. angustidens; Macaca cf. fuscata, Japanese macaque; Martes ten; Meles leucurus kuzuüensis; Mogera imaizumii, Lesser Japanese mole; Nyctereutes vivverrinus nipponicus; Palaeoloxodon naumanni, Naumann's elephant, (Molars); Palaeoloxodon namadicus aomoriensis => Panthera sp.; Panthera tigris, Tiger; Petaurista cf. leucogenys; Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis, Chinese leopard cat; Putorius kuzuüensis; Shikamainosorex densicingulata; Sinomegaceros yabei; Stegodon orientalis; Sus cf. lydekkeri; family Ursidae, Bear

Birds, (Feathers)

Reptiles: Cuora miyatai; Mauremys yabei; suborder Serpentes, Snake, (Teeth, Bones)

Amphibians: Bufo sp., Toad; Rana siobarensis

Lampreys: Lethenteron sp.

Fishes: Tribolodon hakonensis, Japanese dace

Insects: Acalolepta luxuriosa; subfamily Agathidinae; Anoplophora malasiaca; Aphodius sp., Pasture cockchafer; Apriona japonica => Apriona rugicollis; order Archaeognatha, Jumping bristletail; family Asilidae, Robber fly; Baetis sp.; family Bibionidae, March fly; family Braconidae, Braconid wasp; Calosoma maximowiczi; Carabus sp.; family Chrysomelidae or family Curculionidae, Leaf beetle or Snout and bark beetle(s); Cimbex cfr. taukushi => Cimbex cfr. connatus taukushi; family Cimbicidae, Cimbicid sawfly; subfamily Campopleginae; subfamily Cryptinae; subfamily Cryptinae or subfamily Oxytorinae; Dendroxena sexcarinata => Xylodrepa sexcarinata; subfamily Diplazontinae; order Diptera, Fly; Dorcus rubrofemoratus => Nipponodorcus rubrofemoratus; Ecdyonurus cfr. yoshidae; family Elateridae, Click beetle; order Ephemeroptera, Mayfly; Eusilpha japonica; family Formicidae, Ant; Gametis cfr. jucunda => Oxycetonia cfr. jucunda, Citrus flower chafer; family Heptageniidae; Hestina sp.; suborder Heteroptera; order Hymenoptera; subfamily Ichneumoninae, (Entire structure); subfamily Ichneumoninae or subfamily Cryptinae; family Limoniidae, Limoniid crane fly; family Lucanidae, Stag beetle; Lycocerus sp.; Lycocerus cfr. yato; Lyristes bihamatus; Macromia sp.; Megopis sinica; Melolontha sp.; Metalimnobia quadrimaculata; Molobratia japonica; infraorder Muscomorpha; family Mycetophilidae, Fungus gnat; Nemotaulius admorsus; Nicrophorus cfr. concolor; order Odonata, Dragon fly, (Larvae); Oiceoptoma subrufum; Papilio maackii, Alpine black swallowtail; family Pentatomidae, Stink bug; Pentatoma semiannulata; subfamily Pimplinae; subfamily Pimplinae or subfamily Ctenopelmatinae; Plecia adiastola; order Plecoptera, Stonefly; Protaetia cfr. orientalis, Oriental flower beetle; Purpuricenus sp., Purplescent longhorn; family Rhinophoridae, Woodlouse fly; family Sciaridae, Dark-winged fungus gnat; Sieboldius albardae, (Larva); family Siricidae, Horntail; family Staphylinidae, Rove beetle; superfamily Tenthredinoidea; Terpnosia nigricosta; Tipula (Acutipula) sp. => Acutipula sp.; Trichocera sp.; order Trichoptera, Caddisfly; Vespula sp.; class Insecta, Insect

Spiders: order Araneae, Spider; family Araneidae, Orb-weaver spider; family Salticidae, Jumping spider; family Thomisidae, Crab spider

Gastropoda: family Clausiliidae, Door snail

Flowering plants: Acer crataegifolium, Hawthorn-leaf maple; Acer diabolicum, Horned maple, (Leaves, Samara); Acer japonicum, Amur maple, (Leaves, Samara); Acer maximowiczianum, Nikko maple; Acer micranthum, (Leaves); Acer miyabei, Miyabe maple, (Leaves, Samara); Acer mono => Acer pictum ssp. mono, Painted maple, (Leaves, Samara); Acer mono var. glaucum => Acer pictum ssp. glaucum; Acer mono var. marmoratum => Acer pictum ssp. dissectum f. dissectum; Acer nikoense => Acer maximowiczianum, Nikko maple, (Leaves, Samara); Acer palmatum, Japanese maple, (Leaves, Samara); Acer palmatum var. amoenum => Acer palmatum, Japanese maple, (Leaves, Samara); Acer rufinerve, Redvein maple, (Leaves, Samara); Acer shirasawanum, Shirasawa's maple; Acer sieboldianum, Siebold's maple; Acer sieboldianum f. microphyllum; Acer tenuifolium; Actinidia arguta, Hardy kiwi; Actinidia polygama, Silver vine; Aesculus turbinata, Japanese horse chestnut; Alnus sp., Alder, (Seeds); Alnus firma; Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica => Alnus hirsuta f. sibirica; Alnus maximowiczii, Montane alder; Alnus pendula; Alnus tinctoria var. microphylla => Alnus inokumae, (Leaves); Aralia cordata, Japanese spikenard; Aria alnifolia, Alder-leafed whitebeam; Aria japonica; Artemisia indica var. maximowiczii, Japanese mugwort; Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus; Benthamidia japonica, Japanese flowering dogwood; Berberis amurensis var. japonica => Berberis amurensis, Amur barerry; Berchemia racemosa, Paniculous supplejack; Berchemiella berchemiaefolia => Berchemiella berchemiifolia; family Betulaceae, (Flower); Betula davurica => Betula dahurica, Dahurian birch; Betula ermanii, Erman's birch; Betula grossa, Japanese cherry birch; Betula maximowicziana, Monarch birch, (Leaves, Seeds); Betula nikoensis => Betula costata, Korean birch; Betula platyphylla, Japanese white birch; Betula schmidtii, Schmidt's birch, (Leaves, Pollen); Boehmeria tricuspis; Buxus microphylla var. japonica => Buxus microphylla, Japanese box; Cardiandra alternifolia; Carpinus cordata, Sawa hornbeam; Carpinus japonica, Japanese hornbeam, (Leaves, Seeds); Carpinus laxiflora, (Leaves, Seeds); Carpinus tschonoskii, Asian hornbeam; Castanea crenata, Japanese chestnut, (Leaves, Seeds, Flowers); Celastrus orbiculatus, Oriental bittersweet; Celtis jessoensis, Jesso hackberry; Cerasus sargentii => Prunus sargentii, Sargent's cherry; Ceratophyllum demersum, Hornwort; Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Katsura; Cercidiphyllum magnificum; Chaenomeles japonica, Maule's quince; Chrysanthemum makinoi; Cladrastis platycarpa; Clematis apiifolia; Clematis apiifolia var. biternata; Clethra barbinervis; Cornus controversa, Wedding cake tree; Cornus kousa => Benthamidia japonica, Japanese flowering dogwood; Corylopsis gotoana; Corylus sieboldiana, Asian beaked hazel; Crataegus maximowiczii; Cudrania tricuspidata => Maclura tricuspidata, Mandarin melon berry; Deutzia crenata; Dumasia truncata; Eleutherococcus sciadophylloides => Chengiopanax sciadophylloides; Elliottia paniculata; Enkianthus campanulatus, Redvein enkianthus; Euptelea polyandra, (Leaves, Seeds); Fagus crenata, Japanese beech, (Leaves, Seeds, Pollen); Fagus japonica, Japanese blue beech, (Leaves); Fallopia japonica => Reynoutria japonica, Japanese knotweed; Fraxinus japonica => Fraxinus chinensis ssp. rhynchophylla; Fraxinus lanuginosa, Japanese ash; Fraxinus spaethiana => Fraxinus platypoda; Galium kinuta; Gleditsia japonica; Hamamelis japonica, Japanese witch hazel; Hamamelis japonica var. megaphylla; Hamamelis japonica var. obtusata; Hydrangea hirta; Hydrangea paniculata, Panicled hydrangea, (Leaves, Flowers); Hydrangea petiolaris, Climbing hydrangea; Ilex macropoda; Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis, Japanese walnut; Kalopanax pictus => Kalopanax septemlobus, Castor aralia; Kalopanax septemlobus, Castor aralia; Kerria japonica, Japanese kerria; Ligustrum tschonoskii; Lindera membranacea => Lindera umbellata var. membranaceae; Lindera obtusiloba, Japanese spicebush; Lindera praecox; Lindera umbellata; Lyonia ovalifolia var. elliptica; Maackia amurensis, Amur maackia; Magnolia obovata, Japanese big leaf magnolia; Malus sieboldii => Malus toringo, Toringo crabapple; Malus toringo, Toringo crabapple; Morus bombycis => Morus australis, Korean mulberry; Myriophyllum spicatum, Eurasian watermilfoil; Myriophyllum spicatum var. muricatum => Myriophyllum spicatum, Eurasian watermilfoil, (Leaves); Ostericum sieboldii; Padus ssiori => Prunus ssiori, Japanese bird cherry; Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Boston ivy; Philadelphus satsumi, Japanese mock orange; Pleioblastus chino var. chino => Pleioblastus argenteostriatus; Polygonum cuspidatum => Reynoutria japonica, Japanese knotweed; Populus suaveolens, Mongolian poplar; Populus tremula var. sieboldii; Potamogeton maackianus; Potamogeton perfoliatus, Claspingleaf pondweed; Potentilla fragarioides var. major => Potentilla fragarioides; Pourthiaea villosa; Pourthiaea villosa var. laevis => Pourthiaea villosa; Prunus jamasakura; Prunus maximowiczii, Miyama cherry; Prunus nipponica, Japanese alpine cherry; Pterocarya rhoifolia, Japanese wingnut; Pterostyrax hispidus, Epaulette tree, (Leaves, Seeds); Pyrus pyrifolia; Quercus aliena, Oriental white oak; Quercus mongolica subsp. crispula, (Leaves); Quercus mongolia var. grosseserrata => Quercus mongolia subsp. crispula; Quercus serrata; Rhododendron degronianum; Rhododendron metternichii var. pentamerum => Rhododendron degronianum; Rhododendron dilatatum; Rhododendron kaempferi, Torch; Rhododendron quinquefolium; Rhododendron wadanum; Rhus ambigua => Toxicodendron orientale; Ribes ambiguum; Ribes fasciculatum; Rodgersia podophylla; Rosa multiflora, Japanese rose; Rubus crataegifolius, Korean raspberry; Rubus palmatus var. palmatus => Rubus palmatus; Salix integra; Salix sachalinensis => Salix udensis, Japanese fantail willow; Sapium japonicum => Neoshirakia japonica, Japanese tallow tree; Saxifraga fortunei var. alpina; Saxifraga fortunei var. incisolobata => Saxifraga fortunei var. alpina; Schizophragma hydrangeoides, Japanese hydrangea vine; Scirpus tabernaemontani => Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Soft-stemmed bulrush; Sorbus alnifolia => Aria alnifolia, Alder-leafed whitebeam; Sorbus commixta, Japanese rowan; Sorbus gracilis; Sorbus japonica => Aria japonica; Stephanandra incisa; Stewartia pseudocamellia, Japanese stuartia; Styrax japonicus, Japanese snowbell; Styrax obassia, Fragrant snowbell; Swida controversa => Cornus controversa, Wedding cake tree; Tilia japonica, Japanese linden, (Leaves, Seeds); Toxicodendron trichocarpum, (Leaves, Seeds); Trochodendron aralioides, (Leaves, Seeds); Trochodendron aralioides var. longifolium => Trochodendron aralioides; Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Japanese elm, (Leaves, Seeds); Ulmus laciniata, Manchurian elm; Viburnum dilatatum, Linden viburnum; Viburnum furcatum, Forked viburnum; Viburnum phlebotrichum; Viburnum sieboldii, Siebold's viburnum; Viburnum wrightii, Wright viburnum; Vitis coignetiae, Crimson glory vine; Vitis flexuosa; Wisteria floribunda, Japanese wisteria

Conifers: Abies firma, Japanese fir; Chamaecyparis pisifera, Sawara cypress; Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese cedar; Juniperus rigida, Temple juniper; Larix kaempferi, Japanese larch; Picea polita => Picea torano, Tigertail spruce, (Seeds); Picea torano, Tigertail spruce; Pinus parviflora, Japanese white pine; Thuja standishii, Japanese thuja, (Leaves, Seeds); Tsuga sieboldii, Southern Japanese hemlock

Ferns: Athyrium yokoscense, Asian common ladyfern; Blechnum amabile; Davallia mariesii, Squirrel's foot fern; Polystichum tripteron; Woodsia manchuriensis; Woodsia polystichoides, Holly-fern woodsia

Diatoms: Achnanthes inflata; Achnanthes lanceolata => Achnanthidium lanceolatum f. lanceolatum; Amphora ovalis var. pediculus => Amphora pediculus; Cocconeis diminuta => Cocconeis neodiminuta; Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta; Cocconeis thumensis; Cyclotella comta; Cyclotella ocellata; Cymbella lanceolata => Frustulia lanceolata; Cymbella parva => Cocconema parvum; Diatoma vulgare var. linearis => Diatoma vulgaris var. linearis; Diploneis ovalis => Pinnularia ovalis; Epithemia sp.; Epithemia sorex; Epithemia sorex var. gracilis; Epithemia turgida => Navicula turgida; Fragilaria sp.; Fragilaria brevistriata; Fragilaria construens; Fragilaria construens var. venter => Fragilaria venter var. venter; Gomphonema olivaceum; Melosira granulata => Aulacoseira granulata; Melosira granulata var. angustissima => Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima; Navicula tuscula; Pinnularia borealis; Pinnularia gibba var. linearis; Rhoicosphenia curvata => Rhoicosphenia abbreviata; Stephanodiscus sp.; Stephanodiscus astraea; Stephanodiscus hantzschii; Stephanodiscus niagarae; Synedra capitata => Synedra capitata f. capitata; Synedra ulna

Investigation in progress

Trace fossils: Boring shells

Fauna of whale falls