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Ningyotoge Formation

Invalid synonym: Onbara Formation

• Type locality: Ningyotoge pass, Tottori pref. - Okayama pref.
• Coherent formation
• Pliocene
• Intruded by: Takashimizu Basalts

• Sedimentary facies: Terrestrial
• Sedimentary facies: Incised valley-fill deposit
• Lithofacies (Upper): Interbedded sandstone and Conglomerate
• Lithofacies (Upper, Minor): Mudstone, Diatomite mudstone, Pumice tuff, Tuff
• Lithofacies (Lower): Mudstone-dominnt interbedded mudstone and sandstone
• Lithofacies (Basal): Conglomerate

• Thickness: ca. 60 - 100 m
• Thickness (Upper): ca. 50 m
• Thickness (Lower): ca. 10 cm - 80 m
• Thickness (Basal): 2 - 3 m
• Distribution (East - West): 7 km or more
• Upper limit: Bottom of the lapilli tuff bed overlying diatomite mudstone
• Upper limit: Conformity (Tando Tuff Brecia), Unconformity (Takashimizu Basalts, Nakatsugo Andesites)
• Lower limit: Unconformity (Granite)

------ Conformity, ~~~~~~ Unconformity, ~~~--- Local unconformity, '''/,, Interfingered, :::::: Fault, /--/-- Thrust, +__+__ Ground surface, ?--?-- Unknown

• Distribution: Ningyotoge pass, Tottori pref. - Okayama pref.; Onbara, Kagamino city, Tomata county, Okayama pref.
• Fossils (Plants): Acer protosieboldiana, Acer subpictum, Alnus miojaponica, Alnus protohirsuta, Betula onbaraensis, Betula protoermanni, Carpinus nipponica, Carpinus subcarpinoides, Carpinus subcordata, Carpinus subyedoensis, Castanea miocrenata, Celtis nordenskioldii, Cornus subkousa, Cunninghamia protokonishii, Fagus palaeocrenata, Fagus palaeojaponica, Franxinus honshuensis, Larix onbaraensis, Picea kaneharai, Pinus palaeopentaphylla, Populus aizuoana, Prunus protossiori, Pseudolarix japonica, Pterocarya nipponica, Quercus miocrispula, Sassafras subtriloba, Styrax protoobassia, Thuja nipponica, Ulmus protolaciniata, Wistaria fallax, Zelkova ungeri

• Yamada (1966) Chizu, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Japan, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 69p. (in Japanese with English abstract 11p.)
• Yamada (1961) Okutsu, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Japan, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 51p. (in Japanese with English abstract 9p.)
• Murayama and Ozawa (1961) Aoya & Kurayoshi, Explanatory Text of the Geological Map of Japan, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 71p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)