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Kameyama Formation

Invalid synonym: Toshima Formation, Wakebe Formation, Kuroda Formation

• Type locality: Kameyama city, Mie prefecture
• Coherent formation
• Pliocene - Pleistocene
• Correlation (Upper): Hachioji Formation

• Sedimentary facies: Meandering river
• Sedimentary facies: Sandy channel/Sand bar deposit, Floodplain/marsh deposit, Flooding flow/natural levee deposit, Crevasse splay/Crevasse channel deposit
• Lithofacies: Clay-dominant interbedded clay, silt and sands
• Sedimentary structures: Current ripples, Trough cross-stratification, Epsilon cross-stratification, Reversed graded bedding
• Paleocurrent: to Southwest

• Thickness: ca. 30 - 1,500 m or thicker
• Upper limit: Bottom of Nagasawa Tephra
• Upper limit: Transitional (Sakuramura Formation), Conformity (Tomari Formation), Angular unconformity (Kentoyama Formation)
• Lower limit: Top of the horizon intercalating sands and gravels
• Lower limit: Transitional (Kusuhara Formation, Oyama Formation)

------ Conformity, ~~~~~~ Unconformity, ~~~--- Local unconformity, '''/,, Interfingered, :::::: Fault, /--/-- Thrust, +__+__ Ground surface, ?--?-- Unknown

• Distribution: Kameyama city, Mie pref.; Onbe river, Suzuka city, Mie pref.; Mount Kentoyama - Takatsuka - Kawage town, Tsu city, Mie pref.
• Fossils: Stegodon cf. elephantoides, Trionyx miensis
• Fossils (Fishes, Pharyngeal teeth): Carassius sp., Distoechodos sp., Gyprinus sp.
• Fossils (Shellfishes): Anodonta sp., Cristaria sp., Viviparus sp.
• Fossils (Plants): Carex sp., Fagus crenata, Hamamelis sp., Liquidambar sp., Phyllites sp., Populus cf. sieboldi, Quercus cf. variabilis, Salix sp., Stewartia sp., Styrax cf. japonica, Ulmus londifolia?
• Fossils (Footprints): Elephants
• Tephra: Tarumi, Akogi, Otaniike, Nomura-L2, Nomura-L1, Nomura, Haradagawa, Haradagawa-U, Chomyoji II

• Hoshi et al. (2014) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.120, no.9, pp.313-323 DOI
• Hoshi et al. (2013) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.119, no.10, pp.679-692 DOI
• Yoshida et al. (1995) Geology of the Tsu-Seibu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 136p. (in Japanese with English abstract 6p.)
• Yoshida et al. (1991) Geology of the Kuwana District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 154p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)
• Yoshida (1987) Geology of the Tsu-Tobu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 72p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)
• Yoshida (1984) Geology of the Yokkaichi District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 81p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)
• Miyamura et al. (1981) Geology of the Kameyama District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 128p. (in Japanese with English abstract 9p.)