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Toshima Sand and Gravel Member (Kuroda, 1958)

• Type locality: Toshima station, Toshima town, Tahara city, Aichi prefecture
• Coherent formation
• middle Pleistocene

• Sedimentary facies: Marine
• Sedimentary facies: Upper - middle shoreface facing open sea
• Depth of water: Shallower than fair-weather wave base
• Lithofacies: Gravels, Sands
• Sedimentary structures: Parallel stratification, Trough cross-stratification, Planar cross-stratification, Swaley cross-stratification

• Thickness: ca. 20 m
• Upper limit: Unconformity (Sugiyama Sand Member, Tonami Gravel Member, Fukue Formation)
• Lower limit: Transitional (Akasawa Mud Member), Conformity (Kanbe Gravel Member), Unconformity (Ikobe Gravel Member, Arai Mud Member, Hosoya Sand Member, Nanane Sandy Mud Member)

------ Conformity, ~~~~~~ Unconformity, ~~~--- Local unconformity, '''/,, Interfingered, :::::: Fault, /--/-- Thrust, +__+__ Ground surface, ?--?-- Unknown

• Distribution: Toshima town - Isshiki - Takamatsu town, Tahara city, Aichi pref.; Gumihara, Mutsure town, Tahara city, Aichi pref.; Shiroshita town - Tenpakudai, Toyohashi city, Aichi pref.; west coast of Lake Hamana, Kosai city, Shizuoka pref.
• Fossils (Crabs): Calliax sp., Cancer gibbosulus, Scylla serrata
• Fossils (Plants): Abies firma, Fagus aff. hayatae, Lespedeza sp.
  • Fossils (Pollen): Fagus sp., Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) sp.
  • Tephra: At-4
  • Nakashima et al. (2008) Geology of the Toyohashi and Tahara District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 113p. (in Japanese with English abstract 3p.)
  • Nakashima et al. (2008) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.114, no.2, pp.70-79 DOI