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Tokoname Formation (Kose, 1929) Yoshida and Ozaki, 1986

Invalid synonym: Kowa Formation, Futto Formation

Invalid synonym (Upper): Onizaki Formation

Invalid synonym (Lower): Ueno Formation

• Type locality: Kowa - Lake Aoyamaike, Mihama city, Chita county, Aichi prefecture
• Type locality (Sub): Futtogawa river, Futto, Mihama city, Chita county, Aichi prefecture
• Coherent formation
• Fluvio-lacustrine basin including Lake Tokai
• Pliocene - Pleistocene
• Correlation (Upper): Idaka Member
• Correlation (Lower): Takabari Member

• Sedimentary facies: Fluvial, Lacustrine
• Climate: Warm temperate
• Lithofacies: Clay, Silt, Sands
• Lithofacies (Minor, Upper): Gravels
• Lithofacies (Minor, Lower): Lignite
• Sedimentary structures: Parallel stratification, Cross stratification
• Paleocurrent (Upper): from South - East
• Paleocurrent (Lower): from North - East, from South - East

• Thickness (Upper): 300 m or thicker
• Thickness (Lower): ca. 100 - 270 m
• Upper limit: Unconformity (Taketoyo Formation, Shinden Formation)
• Lower limit: Top of gravel-bearing sand bed under the Ko Tephra
• Lower limit: Transitional (Toyooka Formation)

------ Conformity, ~~~~~~ Unconformity, ~~~--- Local unconformity, '''/,, Interfingered, :::::: Fault, /--/-- Thrust, +__+__ Ground surface, ?--?-- Unknown

• Distribution: Otagawa river, Tokai city, Aichi pref.; Higashiura city, Chita county, Aichi pref.; Tokoname city, Aichi pref.; Higashioya town, Chita city, Aichi pref.; Yokomatsu, Handa city, Aichi pref.; Kowa - Lake Aoyamaike - Futtogawa river - Kosugaya - Sakai - Taketoyo, Mihama city, Chita county, Aichi pref.
• Fossils (Lower, Otani Tephra, Kowa flora): Acer sp., Alangium aequalifolium, Ampetopsis brevipedunculata, Aphananthe aspera, Berchemia racemosa, Brasenia purpurea, Brasenia schreberi, Buxus japonica, Camellia japonica, Carex sp., Castanopsis cuspidata, Cinnamomum camphora, Cladrastis cf. platycarpa, Cladrastis cf. shikokiana, Cleyera ochnacea, Cunninghamia sp., Fortinearia sp., Glyptostrobus pensilis, Illicium anisatum, Lindera miyataensis, Liquidambar protopalmata, Mallotus japonicus, Metasequoia disticha, Myrica rubra, Nuphar akashiensis, Nuphar japoincum, Paliurus protonipponicus, Pleioblastus sp., Podocarypus macrophylla, Pseudolarix kaempferi, Quercus protoaliena, Quercus protoserrata, Quercus sinomiocenicum, Quercus stenophylla, Sabia japonica, Salix cf. subfragiis, Sciadopitys verticillata, Sequoia sempervirens Symplocos glauca, Symplocos prunifolia, Trapa anteformata, Trapa incisa, Trapa mammillifera, Trapella aniennifera, Vitis cf. thunbergii, Wisteria fallax, Zelkova ungeri
• Tephra (Upper): Koba, Higashidani, Ibora, Sofuri, Okada, Yokosuka-L, Yokosuka, Yokosuka-U, Shinchi, Tenjinike-L2, Tenjinike-L1, Tenjinike
• Tephra (Lower): Ko, Kowayama, Chitapink, Shirasawanoike, Kaminoma, Sakai, Kosugaya, Otani, Kariya

• Yoshida et al. (1991) Geology of the Kuwana District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 154p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)
• Kondo and Kimura (1987) Geology of the Morozaki District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 93p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)
• Yoshida and Ozaki (1986) Geology of the Handa District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 98p. (in Japanese with English abstract 4p.)
• Sakamoto et al. (1986) Geology of the Nagoya-Nambu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 55p. (in Japanese with English abstract 3p.)
• Yoshida (1984) Geology of the Yokkaichi District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 81p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)