Producing Palladium (Pd)

Pd: Palladium

Wollaston (UK) discovered and separated in 1803.

Abundance: 0.015ppm(in the earth's crust)

Add platinum placer and iridosmine into melted lead.

Platinum and palladium is melted, whereas ruthenium, osmium,and iridium remains as residue.

Add lead into nitric acid, and palladium is dissolved into nitric acid.

3Pd + 2NO3(-) + 8H(+) 3Pd(2+) + 2NO + 4H2O

Add potassium iodide into nitric acid solution.

Pd(2+) + 2I(-) PdI2

Dissolve deposited palladium iodide into hydrochloric acid.

PdI2 + HCl PdCl2 + I2 + 2H(+)

Dissolve palladium chloride int water, and apply electrodialysis.

PdCl2 Pd + Cl2