Producing Manganese (Mn)

Mn: Manganese

Grahn (Sweden) separated in 1774.

Abundance: 0.106%(in the earth's crust)

Method 1

Melt mangan dioxide such as hausmannite with coke.

MnO2 + 2C Mn + 2CO

Alloy with Fe and C is recovered.

Method 2

Reduce mangan dioxide such as hausmannite by silicon.

MnO2 + Si Mn + SiO2