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Vernadite

• MnO₂,nH₂O
• (Mn⁴⁺,Fe³⁺,Ca,Na)(O,OH)₂,nH₂O
• [Mn⁴⁺][O₂]^4-,nH₂O

• Class: Oxide - Hydrate
• Main component of Manganese crusts and Manganese nodules with smooth surface from deep sea floor.
• Included in Manganese nodules of rough surface with Buserite by forming concentric zoning structure.
• Absorb Co, Pt, Ir, Os, Pd, Rh, Ru, and so on.
• Questionable if this is an independent species.

• Color: Black
• Streak: Dark brown
• Luster: Resinous
• Diaphaneity: Opaque

• Aggregate: Earthy

• Cleavage: No
• Hardness: 2

• System: Hexagonal

• Significance: Strong oxidized condition. Precipitate directly from sea water or fresh water.