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Fukakusa Formation

• Type locality: Fukakusa, Fushimi ward, Kyoto city, Kyoto prefecture
• Coherent formation
• Pliocene - Pleistocene

• Sedimentary facies: Fluvial, Lacustrine
• Lithofacies: Gravels
• Lithofacies (Minor): Sands, Silt

• Thickness (Upper): 200 m
• Thickness (Lower): 40 - 100 m
• Upper limit: Unconformity (Higher I Terrace Deposits)
• Lower limit: Unconformity (Tamba Belt)

------ Conformity, ~~~~~~ Unconformity, ~~~--- Local unconformity, '''/,, Interfingered, :::::: Fault, /--/-- Thrust, +__+__ Ground surface, ?--?-- Unknown

• Distribution: Fukakusa - Ogurisu - Momoyama town - Daigo - Hino, Fushimi ward, Kyoto city, Kyoto pref.; Kajiji - Hinooka - Higechaya, Yamashina ward, Kyoto city, Kyoto pref.; Seikanji - Imakumano, Higashiyama ward, Kyoto city, Kyoto pref.; Hiraodai - Todo - Shizugawa - Kohata, Uji city, Kyoto pref.
• Fossils (Plants): Acanthopanax sieboldianum, Alnus japonica, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Eagara ailanthoides, Hamamelis parrotioides, Juglans sieblodiana, Juniperus conferta, Magnolia obovata, Paliurus nipponicus, Pinus armandi, Pinus thunbergii, Sapium sebiferum var. pleistoceaca, Styrax japonica, Symplocos reticulata, Trapa macropoda, Tsuga sieboldii, Viscum cororatum, Vitex rotundifolia, Wistaria brachybotrys, Zelkova ungeri
• Fossils (Upper): Crabs, Echinoids, Stegodon orientlis, family Halichondriidae
• Fossils (Upper, Shellfishes): Anadara granosa, Corbicula sp., Dosinia angulosa, Ostrea gigas, Paphia sp., Rapana thomastana, Teredo sp.
• Fossils (Upper, Plants): Fagus microcarpa, Paliurus nipponicus, Pinus armandi var. amamiana, Pinus densiflora, Sapium sebiferum var. pleistoceaca, Trapa macropoda
• Fossils (Upper, Diatoms): Auliscus pruinosus, Coscinodiscus lacustris, Melosira cf. lyrata
• Fossils (Lower, Shellfishes): Anodonta sp., Cristaria sp.
• Fossils (Lower, Plants): Cunninghamia konoshii, Cyclocarya paliurus, Juglans mandshurica, Melia azedarach, Menyanthes trifoliata, Metasequoia disticha, Sapium sebiferum var. pleistostoceaca
• Tephra (Upper): Ss-Az, Fukakusa I, Fukakusa II, Fushimi, Aso-1
• Tephra (Lower): Ss-Pnk
• Key bed (Upper, Marine clay): Ma 3, Ma 4, Ma 5, Ma 6

• Wakita et al. (2013) Geology of the Kyoto-Tonambu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 124p. (in Japanese with English abstract 3p.)