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Kobiwako Group (Nakamura, 1929)

• Coherent formation
• Pliocene - Pleistocene (4.4 - ? Ma)

• Sedimentary facies: Fluvial, Lacustrine

• Thickness: ca. 600 - 1,500 m or thicker
• Upper limit: Conformity (Bottom of Lake Biwa), Unconformity (Higher I Terrace Deposits)
• Lower limit: Abut unconformity (Hira Granite, Shigaraki Granite, Hieizan Complex), Unconformity (Yasugawa Group, Ayugawa Group)

------ Conformity, ~~~~~~ Unconformity, ~~~--- Local unconformity, '''/,, Interfingered, :::::: Fault, /--/-- Thrust, +__+__ Ground surface, ?--?-- Unknown

• Distribution: Hananoki hills - Ueno, Iga city, Mie pref.; Oyamada city, Mie pref.; Yasu river, Konan city - Minakuchi, Koka city, Shiga pref.; Soma river, Koka village, Koka city, Shiga pref.; Shide, Taga city, Inugami county, Shiga pref.; Echi river, Higashiomi city, Shiga pref.
• Fossils (Mammals): Stegodon aurorae, Deers, Cows, Boars, Rabbits, Mice
• Fossils (Reptiles): Crocodiles, Turtles
• Fossils: Plants, Birds, Shellfishes

• Satoguchi (2015) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.121, no.4, pp.125-139, DOI
• Wakita et al. (2013) Geology of the Kyoto-Tonambu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 124p. (in Japanese with English abstract 3p.)
• Satoguchi et al. (2012) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.118, Supplement, pp.70-78 DOI
• Nakano et al. (2003) Geology of the Minakuchi District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 83p. (in Japanese with English abstract 3p.)
• Yoshida et al. (2003) Geology of the Omi-Hachiman District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 72p. (in Japanese with English abstract 3p.)
• Kimura et al. (2001) Geology of the Kitakomatsu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 102p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)
• Nakae et al. (2001) Geology of the Chikubu Shima District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 71p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)
• Ozaki et al. (2000) Geology of the Nara District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 162p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)
• Kimura et al. (1998) Geology of the Kyoto-Tohokubu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 89p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)
• Nakae and Yoshioka (1998) Geology of the Kumagawa District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 71p. (in Japanese with English abstract 4p.)
• Kimura et al. (1998) Geology of the Kyoto-Tohokubu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 89p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)
• Kawabe et al. (1996) Geology of the Ueno District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 99p. (in Japanese with English abstract 5p.)
• Yoshida et al. (1995) Geology of the Tsu-Seibu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 136p. (in Japanese with English abstract 6p.)
• Harayama et al. (1989) Geology of the Gozaishoyama District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 145p. (in Japanese with English abstract 6p.)
• Ishida et al. (1984) Geology of the Hikone-Seibu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 121p. (in Japanese with English abstract 6p.)
• Miyamura et al. (1981) Geology of the Kameyama District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 128p. (in Japanese with English abstract 9p.)
• Miyamura et al. (1976) Geology of the Hikonetobu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 49p. (in Japanese with English abstract 6p.)