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Kawazume Formation Fujimoto et al., 1951

• Type locality: Kawazume, Itoigawa city, Niigata prefecture
• Coherent formation
• Rift basin sediments
• Pliocene (4.0 - ? Ma)
• Contemporaneous heterotopic facies: lower Nadachi Formation
• Correlation (Upper): lower Nishiyama Formation
• Correlation (Lower): Shiiya Formation

• Sedimentary facies: Marine
• Sedimentary facies (Upper): Basin slope
• Sedimentary facies: Submarine fan (Sandy radial fan type)
• Lithofacies: Gravelly - sandy turbidite
• Lithofacies: Conglomerate, Sandstone, Interbedded sandstone and mudstone, Mudstone

• Thickness (West): 250 - 400 m
• Thickness (Kuwatori valley): 500 m
• Thickness (East): 1,200 - 1,400 m
• Upper limit: Conformity (Nadachi Formation)
• Lower limit: Conformity (Nakanomata Mudstone Member)

------ Conformity, ~~~~~~ Unconformity, ~~~--- Local unconformity, '''/,, Interfingered, :::::: Fault, /--/-- Thrust, +__+__ Ground surface, ?--?-- Unknown

• Distribution: Kawazume - Shitakura - Ohora - Tsutsuishi - Nokodomari - Shimoomi, Itoigawa city, Niigata pref.; Tanihama - Kamishozenji - Kamitsunako - Nakanomata - Doguchi - Seto, Joetsu city, Niigata pref.
• Fossils: Sponges (Makiyama chitanii)
• Tephra: Seto Tuff Bed (St), Tsunago Tuff Bed (Tn), Msp

• Takano (2011) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.117, no.4, pp.238-258 DOI
• Akahane and Kato (1989) Geology of the Takada-Seibu District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 89p. (in Japanese with English abstract 3p.)