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Kakuma Formation Kudo et al., 2011
Invalid synonym: Taira Formation, Kanazu Formation, Araya Formation, Araya faciesUshigakubi Formation, Osawa Formation
- Sedimentary facies: Marine
- Sedimentary facies: Continental shelf slope - Basin floor
- Sedimentary facies (Minor): Outer continental shelf
- Sedimentary facies: Submarine fan
- Sedimentary facies (Upper, Minor): Turbidite, Re-worked deposit by the sector collapse of a submarine volcano
- Sedimentary facies (Lower, Minor): Gravity flow deposit
- Depth of water: Upper - Lower bathyal
- Lithofacies (Upper): Mudstone
- Lithofacies (Upper, Minor): Interbedded sandstone and mudstone, Interbedded calcareous sandstone and mudstone, Basaltic andesite - andesite tuff breccia
- Lithofacies (Lower): Mudstone, Sandy mudstone, Gravel-bearing mudstone
- Lithofacies (Lower, Minor): Basaltic andesite - andesite conglomerate
- Sedimentary structures (Lower): Slump structures
- Paleocurrent: Northwest, Northeast
- Kamo, Niigata pref.
- [ Upper ]
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Furuto Formation
- '''''''/,,,,,,
- Minagawa Formation
- '''''''/,,,,,,
- Kakuma Formation
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- [ Lower ]
------ Conformity, ~~~~~~ Unconformity, ~~~--- Local unconformity, '''/,, Interfingered, :::::: Fault, /--/-- Thrust, +__+__ Ground surface, ?--?-- Unknown
- Distribution: Kakuma river - Nakaura river, Ushigakubi - Kamiyachi, Sanjo city, Niigata pref.; Yashiroda, Akiha-ku, Niigata city, Niigata pref.; Nanatani, Kamo city, Niigata pref.
- Distribution (Araya Formation): Araya - Aikawa, Kawaguchi, Nagaoka city, Niigata pref.; Yoshinoya - Shimooura, Sanjo city, Niigata pref.; Higashiyama - Nigorisawa town - Yomogihira - Hirei - Nigoro - Karuizawa, Nagaoka city, Niigata pref.; Chinta river, Tsubakizawa town - Tochikubo town, Mitsuke city, Niigata pref.; Tanesuhara - Takezawa, Yamakoshi, Nagaoka city, Niigata pref.; Hanzogane, Tochio city, Niigata pref.; Minaminigoro, Ojiya city, Niigata pref.
- Distribution (Ushigakubi Formation): Nobe river, Hiu, Ojiya city, Niigata pref.; Koguriyama - Uragara - Uemura - Uchigamaki, Ojiya city, Niigata pref.; Oda town, Mitsuke city, Niigatga pref.; Higashiyama - Yomogihira - Joganji river - Urase river, Nagaoka city, Niigata pref.; Toge - Takeda, Kawaguchi, Nagaoka city, Niigata pref.; Okubo, Yamakoshi, Nagaoka city, Niigata pref.
- Fossils: Mammalia, Sponges (Makiyama chitanii), Foraminifera, Radiolarians
- Fossils (Shellfishes): Chlamys sp., Fulgoralia prevostiana magna, Haliotes sp., Ostrea sp., Turcicula tsudai
- Fossils (Shellfishes, Ushigakubi Formation): Anadara amicula elongata, Felaniella usta, Glycymeris yessoensis, Lucinoma annulata, Mercenaria stimpsoni, Mizuhopecten yessoensis yokoyamae, Monia macroschisma, Solen sp.
- Fossils (Diatoms): Actinoptychus senarius, Aulacoseira sp., Coscinodiscus marginatus, Cyclotella spp., Denticulopsis simonsenii, Denticulopsis vulgaris, Koizumia tatsunokuchiensis, Neodenticula kamtschatica, Paralia sulcata, Stephanodiscus sp., Thalassionema spp., Thalassiosira antiqua, Thalassiosira castanea, Thalassiosira oestrupii, Thalassiosira temperei
- Fossils (Araya Formation, Diatoms): Actinocyclus octonarius, Aulacoseira spp., Cocconeis scutellum, Coscinodiscus marginatus, Diploneis bombus, Diploneis smithii, Hyalodiscus sp., Paralia sulcata, Rhizosolenia barboi, Rhizosolenia styliformis, Stephanodiscus sp., Thalassionema nitzschioides, Thalassiosira convexa, Thalassiothrix longissima
- Fossils (Ushigakubi Formation, Diatoms): Actinocyclus ingens f. ingens, Actinocyclus octonarius, Actinoptychus senarius, Aulacoseira spp., Coscinodiscus marginatus, Diploneis bombus, Diploneis smithii, Neodenticula kamtschatica, Nitzschia reinholdii, Paralia sulcata, Rhizosolenia barboi, Rhizosolenia bergonii, Rhizosolenia styliformis, Stellarima microtrias, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Thalassiosira antiqua, Thalassiosira convexa, Thalassiosira leptopus, Thalassiosira oestrupii
- Fossils (Araya Formation, Foraminifera): Cribrostomoides cf. evoluta, Cribrostomoides cf. subglobosum, Cyclammina pusilla, Epistominella pulchella, Globigerina bulloides, Globobulimina auriculata, Globorotalia ikebei, Martinottiella communis, Miliammina echigoensis, Orbulina universa, Uvigerina akitaensis, Uvigerina nitidula
- Fossils (Ushigakubi Formation, Foraminifera): Adercotryma glomerata, Angulogerina hughesi, Bolivinita quadrilatera, Brizalina decussata, Buccella frigida carida, Buccella inusitata, Bulimina nipponica, Cassidulina sublimbata, Chrysalidinella cf. dimorpha, Cibicides aknerianus, Cibicides lobatulus, Cibicides pseudoungerianus, Cibicides cf. refulgens, Cyclammina sp., Dentalina setanaensis, Discopulvinulina cf. isabelleana, Discorbinella bradyi, Discorbis australis, Dyocibicides sp., Elphidium sp., Epistominella pulchella, Elphidium crispum, Elphidium cf. etigoense, Epistominella pulchella, Eponides haidingerii, Fissurina echigoensis, Fissurina marginata, Florilus sp., Fursenkoina sp., Globigerina bulloides, Globigerina foliata, Globigerina pachyderma, Globigerina quinaqueloba, Globigerina woodi, Globigerinita glutinata, Globigerinita uvula, Globigerinoides ruber, Globobulimina auriculata, Globobulimina perversa, Globocassidulina parva, Globocassidulina subglobosa, Globocassidulina subglobosa depressa, Globorotalia inflata, Globorotalia inflata praeinflata, Globorotalia orientalis, Globorotalia cf. punticulata, Guttulina yamazakii, Haplophragmoides trullissatum, Islandiella islandica, Islandiella cf. japonica, Lagena acuticosia, Melonis nicobarense, Melonis pacificum, Melonis pompilioides, Miliammina echigoensis, Neogloboquadrina asanoi, Neogloboquadrina kagaensis, Neogloboquadrina himiensis, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, Oolina melo, Oridorsalis umbonatus, Planularia planulata, Pullenia apertula, Pyrgo cf. murrhyna, Quinqueloculina seminida, Quinqueloculina cf. subagglutinata, Sphaeroidina bulloides, Stilostomella cf. oinomikadoi, Textularia candeiana, Trifarina kokozuraensis, Trifarina hughesi, Trochammina nobensis, Uvigerina akitanensis, Uvigerina excellens, Uvigerina nitidula, Uvigerina cf. proboscidea, Uvigerina subperegrina, Valvulineria sp.
- Fossils (Araya Formation, Nannofossils): Coccolithus pelagicus, Crenalithus doronicoides, Crenalithus productellus
- Fossils (Ushigakubi Formation, Nannofossils): Braarudasphaera bigelowii, Calcidiscus leptoporus, Calcidiscus macintyrei, Coccolithus neohelis, Coccolithus pelagicus, Crenalithus doronicoides, Crenalithus productellus, Florispaera profunda, Helicosphaera carteri
- Tephra: Fwg, Hgp, Uykp, Mhb, Skwc, Mot, Om-SK110, Srt-SK100, Gjd34, Gjd35, Gjd39, KK10, KK20, KK30, KK40, Thp
- Tephra (Araya Formation): HZG1, HZG2, Htp, Ctg, Ttp, YT, Tzp, NA75, NA80
- Tephra (Ushigakubi Formation): Syp, Kwp, Oyp, Oyl, Thp, Ftp, NA10, NA11, NA12, NA12.8, NA13, NA14, NA16, NA18, NA19, NA24, NA33
- Shimazu et al. (2014) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.120, no.7, pp.247-253 DOI
- Kudo et al. (2011) Geology of the Kamo District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 162p. (in Japanese with English abstract 4p.)
- Hiranaka et al. (2009) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.115, no.4, pp.177-186 DOI
- Ikeda and Yamaji (2008) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.114, no.8, pp.405-414 DOI
- Kobayashi et al. (2002) Geology of the Sanjo District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 98p. (in Japanese with English abstract 4p.)
- Kobayashi et al. (1991) Geology of the Nagaoka District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 132p. (in Japanese with English abstract 6p.)
- Yanagisawa et al. (1986) Geology of the Ojiya District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 177p. (in Japanese with English abstract 6p.)