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Kadonosawa Formation (Otuka, 1934) Hatai and Nakamura, 1939

Invalid synonym: Karumai Formation

• Type locality: Shiratori river, Tate bridge - Anaushi bridge, Ninohe city, Iwate prefecture
• Coherent formation
• early - middle Miocene (16.5 Ma, Ostracods)

• Sedimentary facies: Marine, Brackish
• Sedimentary facies (Upper): Open sea
• Sedimentary facies (Lower): Tidal flat - Inner bay
• Climate: Subtropical
• Lithofacies: Sandstone, Mudstone
• Lithofacies (Minor): Conglomerate

• Thickness: A few tens - 80 m
• Upper limit: Conformity, partly unconformity (Suenomatuyama Formation), Unconformity (Toya Formation, Asanai Terrace Deposit, Kusagi Terrace Deposit)
• Lower limit: Conformity (Yotsuyaku Formation), Unconformity (North Kitakami Belt, Noda Group)

------ Conformity, ~~~~~~ Unconformity, ~~~--- Local unconformity, '''/,, Interfingered, :::::: Fault, /--/-- Thrust, +__+__ Ground surface, ?--?-- Unknown

• Distribution: Shiratori river, Tate bridge - Anaushi bridge, Ninohe city, Iwate pref.; Kitadate, Ichinohe city, Ninohe county, Iwate pref.; Kamidate - Kokarumai, Karumai city, Kunohe county, Iwate pref.
• Fossils: Teredo sp., Baranus sp.
• Fossils (Shellfishes): Anadara amicule, Batillaria tateiwai, Cerithidea sp., Crassostrea gravitesta, Ellobium sp., Geloina sp., Lucina yokoyamai, Lucinoma actirineatum, Macoma calcarea, Macoma optiva, Mya cuneiformis, Phaxus izumoensis, Pitar sp., Portlandia sp., Tapes sp.
• Fossils (Diatoms): Actinocyclus ingens, Actinocyclus tenellus, Actinoptychus senarius, Actinoptychus vulgaris, Arachnoidiscus sp., Aulacosira granulata, Chaetocers pliocenicus, Cocconeis costata, Coscinodiscus marginatus, Coscinodiscus symbolophorus, Delphineis penelliptica, Denticulopsis kanayae, Denticulopsis norwegica, Diploneis bombus, Goniothecium tenue, Grammatophora sp., Hyalodiscus ukaiensis, Hyalodiscus obsolelus, Kisseleviella carina, Melosira sol, Odontella aurita, Pararia sulcata, Pterotheca subulata, Rhahoneis amphiceros, Rhaphoneis miocenica, Rhizosolenia cfr. hebetata, Rutilaria epsilon var. longicornis, Stephanogonia cfr. hanzawae, Stephanopyxis sp., Suriella sp., Synedra jouseana, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Thalassiosira sp., Thalassiothrix longissima, Triceratium condecorum
• Fossils (Pollen): Carya sp., Gastanea sp., Castanopsis sp., Liquidambar sp., Kandelia sp. (Mangroves), Artemisia sp., Lagerstroemia sp., Tilia sp., Acer sp., Rhus sp., Caesalpinia sp., Zelkova sp., Ulmus sp., Quercus sp., Fagus sp., Corylus sp., Carpinus sp., Betula sp., Alnus sp., Pterocarya sp., Juglans sp., Salix sp.

• Tuzino et al. (2018) Geology of the Ichinohe District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 161p. (in Japanese with English abstract 4p.)
• Yamanoi et al. (2010) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.116, no.2, pp.114-117 DOI
• Yamanoi et al. (2008) Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol.114, no.5, pp.262-266 DOI
• Yoshida et al. (1987) Geology of the Rikuchu-Ono District, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Geological Survey of Japan, 70p. (in Japanese with English abstract 6p.)