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Funakawa Formation (Ohashi ex Toyama, 1925; Chitani, 1930) Shikano et al., 2011

Invalid synonym: Takinosawa Formation

• Type locality: Onnagawa - Funakawa, Oga city, Akita prefecture
• Coherent formation
• Miocene - Pliocene (? - 5 Ma, Foraminifera, Diatoms)
• Intruded by: Soyakyo Andesite
• Correlation: Sanzugawa Formation, Kitamata Formation, Kamabuchi Formation

• Sedimentary facies: Marine
• Water temperature: Cold current (Foraminifera)
• Depth of water: Barhyapelagic
• Lithofacies: Mudstone, Siltstone
• Lithofacies (Minor): Siliceous siltstone, Andesite - dacite - rhyolite tuff, Tuffaceous sandstone
• Sedimentary structures: Slump structures

• Thickness (Main part): 200 - 750 m
• Upper limit: Bottom of the mudstone bed intercalated by many tuffaceous sandstone beds
• Upper limit (Alternation facies): Bottom of the thick white acidic tuff bed
• Upper limit: Interfingered (Manaitayama Volcanic Rocks), Conformity , partly interfingered (Momoyake Volcanic Rocks), Conformity (Minamihirasawa Formation, Subari Andesite, Alternation facies), Conformity partly unconformity (Tentokuji Formation), Unconformity (High I Terrace Deposit, Katanishi Formation, Ishikurayama Formation, Katsurane facies, Sasaoka Formation, Chokai volcanic products)
• Lower limit: Bottom of the glauconite concentrated zone at the lower part of diatomaceous siltstone (6.6 Ma, Kano, 2018)
• Lower limit: Bottom of the thick acidic tuff (Ozawa et al., 1979)
• Lower limit: Transitional (Onnagawa Formation, Iwaya Formation), Unconformity? (Omoriyama Andesite)

------ Conformity, ~~~~~~ Unconformity, ~~~--- Local unconformity, '''/,, Interfingered, :::::: Fault, /--/-- Thrust, +__+__ Ground surface, ?--?-- Unknown

• Distribution: Onnagawa - Funakawa - Kamo river, Shimoshinzan, Kitaura, Oga city, Akita pref.; Komasu river, Aikawa, Kitaura, Oga city, Akita pref.; Osugo creek, Inai, Ikawa city, Minamiakita county, Akita pref.; Takinosawa, Yurihonjo city, Akita pref.; Futatsui town, Noshiro city - Fujisato city, Yamamoto county, Akita pref.; Shirataki river, Hachimori, Happo city, Yamamoto county, Akita pref.; Iwako, Minehama, Happo city, Yamamoto county, Akita pref.; Hiyama, Noshiro city, Akita pref.; Moritake hot spring - Saruta - Mitane river, Mitane city, Yamamoto county, Akita pref.; Oborosawa, Kamikoani city, Kitaakita county, Akita pref.; Michikawa, Kamishinjo, Akita city, Akita pref.; Saraminai creek, Akita city, Akita pref.; Kamisannai - Fukuyama - Shinkawa, Kawabe, Akita city, Akita pref.; Nanafukuro - Oguro river, Daisen city, Akita pref.; Oimodai, Kyowa, Daisen city, Akita pref.; Sekiguchi, Jinguji, Daisen city, Akita pref.; Harukizawa, Nangai, Daisen city, Akita pref.; Futago river, Iwaki, Yurihonjo city, Akita pref.; Kameda - Iwaya - Iwawaki - Okurasawa - Futamata - Yakata - Ouchi - Koguriyama, Yurihonjo city, Akita pref.; Mount Shibakura - Ishizawa river - Maego, Yurihonjo city, Akita pref.; Yashima, Yashima town, Yurihonjo city, Akita pref.; Shimohitane - Nakahitane - Sodeyama, Chokai town, Yurihonjo city, Akita pref.; Kura - Mototoriyama, Higashiyuri, Yurihonjo city, Akita pref.; Joboji - Suedate, Omonogawa town, Yokote city, Akita pref.; Shinmachi - Horiuchi - Tarada, Ugo city, Ogachi county, Akita pref.;
• Fossils: Marine mammalia, Echinoids (Linthia nipponica, Regnlaria sp.), Barnacles (Balanus sp.), Sponges (Makiyama chitanii, Spicules)
• Fossils (Shellfishes): Acila insignis, Anadara amicula rotunda, Anisocorbula sp., Arca boucardi, Astarte borealis, Beringius sp., Cardita leana, Chlamys cosibensis, Chlamys crassivenia, Chlamys hataii, Clinocardium cilialum, Clinocardium fastasum, Clinocardium nutalli, Clinocardium shinjiense, Compsomyax sp., Conchocele sp., Dentalium weinkauffi, Erronea sp., Glycymeris nipponicus, Limatula sp., Limposis adamsiana, Limopsis tokaiensis, Lucinoma acutilineata, Macoma tokyoensis, Mercenaria chitaniana, Miyagipecten cf. matsumoriensis, Mizuhopecten poculum, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Natica tugaruana, Nemocardium samarangae, Neptunea sp., Neverita kiritaniana, Nuculana yokoyamai, Ophiodermella miyatensis, Paliollum peckhami, Pandora sp., Patinopecten paraplebejus, Pecten sp., Pectunculus sp., Portlandia cfr. japonica, Psammotaea? sp., Serripes sp., Siphonalia spadicea, Tectonatica janthostomoides, Thracia sp., Trochus sp., Turritella fortilirata, Turritella saishuensis?, Venericardia ferruginea, Venericardia prolongata nakamurai, Yoldia notabilis
• Fossils (Brachiopods): Hemithyris psittacea, Terebratalia cfr. coreanica, Terebratalia gouldi, Terebratulina crossei
• Fossils (Plants, Pollen): Carya sp., Fagus sp., Quercus sp., family Taxodiaceae
• Fossils (Calcareous nannofossils): Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Calcidiscus leptoporus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Coccolithus streckerii, Gephyrocapsa spp., Helicosphaera carteri, Helicosphaera sellii, Reticulofenestra spp.
• Fossils (Foraminifera): Ammobaculites spp., Ammodiscoides japonicus, Ammodiscus incertus, Angulogerina kokozuraensis, Bathisiphon sp., Bathysiphon sp., Bolivina cf. cochei, Bolivinita quadrilatera, Bulimina nipponica, Bulimina pupoides, Bulimina pyrula, Cassidulina cf. depressa, Cassidulina japonica, Cassidulina norcrossi, Cassidulina subglobosa, Cassidulina sublimbata, Cassidulina yabei, Cibicides cf. aknerianus, Cibicides lobatulus, Cibicides pseudoungerianus, Cribrostomoides renzi, Cribrostomoides cf. subglobosum, Cyclammina cancellata, Cyclammina ezoensis, Cyclammina japonica, Cyclamina pussilla, Dentalina sp., Dorothia sp., Elphidiella sp., Elphidium subgranulosum, Epistominella pulchella, Fissurina sp., Globigerina bolealis, Globigerina bulloides, Globigerina cf. diplomastoma, Globigerina falconensis, Globigerina foliata, Globigerina pachyderma, Globigerina woodi, Globigerinita uvula, Globobulimina auriculata, Globorotalia cf. oceanica, Goëssella schencki, Globorotalia cf. scitula, Goesella schencki, Guttulina sp., Haplophragmoides cf. emaciatum, Haplophragmoides evoluta, Haplophragmoides renzi, Haplophragmoides subglobosum, Hopkinsina wakimotoensis, Loxostomoides bradyi, Martinottiella bradyana tarukiensis, Martinottiella communis, Martinottiella nodulosa, Melonis barleeanum, Melonis pompilioides, Miliammina echigoensis, Multifidella communis, Multifidella nodulosa, Nonion japonicum, Nonion labradoricum, Nonion pompilioides, Oolina globosa, Oolina melo, Orbulina univera, Oridorsalis umbonatus, Planulina wuellerstorfi, Praeglobobulimina pupoides, Pseudomiocenica sp., Pullanulina sp., Pullenia apertula, Pullenia cf. bulloides, Pullenia quinqueloba, Quinqueloculina spp., Robulus sp., Rosalina isabelleana, Rotalia japonica, Saccammina fragilis, Sigmoilina sp., Sigmmomorphina sp., Sigmoilopsis schlumbergii, Sphaeroidina bulloides, Spirosigmoilinella compressa, Uvigerina akitaensis, Uvigerina proboscidea, Uvigerina subperegrina, Uvigerina yabei, Valvulineria sadoensis
• Fossils (Diatoms): Actinocyclus ellipticus, Actinocyclus ingens, Actinocyclus octonaris, Actinoptychus senarius, Actinoptychus undulatus, Amphora spp., Anaulus sp., Arachnoidiscus spp., Aulacosira granulata, Auliscus sp., Azpeitia endoi, Azpeitia nodulifera, Azpeitia vetustissima, Cavitatus jouseanus, Cocconeis costata, Cocconeis disculus, Cocconeis scutellum, Coscinodiscus endoi, Coscinodiscus marginatus, Coscinodiscus nodulifer, Coscinodiscus obscurus, Coscinodiscus radiatus, Coscinodiscus stelleris, Coscinodiscus symbolophorus, Coscinodiscus temperis, Coscinodiscus vetustissimus, Delphineis surirella, Denticulopsis crassa, Denticulopsis dimorpha, Denticulopsis hustedtii, Denticulopsis katayamae, Denticulopsis lauta, Denticulopsis praekatayamae, Denticulopsis simonsenii, Denticulopsis vulgar, Diploneis fusca, Diploneis smithii, Diploneis suborbicularis, Epithemia spp., Grammatophora spp., Hemiaulus polymorphus, Hemidiscus cuneiformis, Hyalodiscus obsoletus, Ikebea tenuis, Melosira sulcata, Navicula spp., Neodenticula kamtschatica, Nitzschia fossilis, Nitzschia grunowii, Nitzschia heteropolica, Nitzschia pliocena, Nitzschia praereinholdii, Nitzschia rolandii, Nitzschia suikoensis, Odontella aurita, Paralia sulcata, Plagiogramma staurophorum, Proboscia alata, Pseudopodosira elegans, Rhabdonema japonica, Rhaphoneis amphiceros, Rhizosolenia barboi, Rhizosolenia hebetata, Rhizosolenia miocenica, Rhizosolenia styliformis, Rouxia californica, Simonseniella barboi, Stellarima microtrias, Stephanogonia hanzawae, Stephanopyxis turris, Stictodiscus californicus, Synedra jouseana, Thalassionema hirosakiensis, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Thalassionema robusta, Thalassionema schraderi, Thalassiosira antiqua, Thalassiosira brunii, Thalassiosira grunowii, Thalassiosira cf. jacksonii, Thalassiosira leptopus, Thalassiosira manifesta, Thalassiosira marujamica, Thalassiosira nidulus, Thalassiosira plicata, Thalassiosira praeconvexa, Thalassiosira temperei, Thalassiosira yabei, Thalassiothrix longissima, Trachyneis aspera, Triceratium arcticum, Triceratium condecorum
• Fossils (Radiolarians): family Acanthodesmiidae, Anthocyrtidium ehrenbergi, Cannartus petterssoni, Collosphaera sp., Cromyodruppa concentrica, Cycladophora akitaensis, Cyrtocapsella cornula, Cyrtocapsella japonica, Cyrtocapsella tetrapera, Diarlus hughesi, Didymocyrtis antepenultima, Didymocyrtis penultima, Druppatractus irregularis, Eucyrtidium anormalum, Eucyrtidium cienkowskii, Eucyrtidium inflatum, Gondwanaria sp., Hexachonlium spp., Hexialonche sp., Larcopyle spp., Lithatractus tochigiensis, Lithocarpium sp., Lithopera renzae, Lophophaena sp., Lychnocanoma nipponica magnacornuta, Periphaena sp., Porodiscus sp., Pyloniidae spp., Pylospira spp., Rhopalodictyum sp., Sethocyrtis japonica, Spongodiscus sp., Spongoplegma varilabilium, Spumellaria sp., Stichocorys delmontensis, Stichocorys delmontensis, Stichocorys peregrina, Theocalyptra davisiana davisiana, Theocorys japonica, Theocorys redondoensis, Theocyritis redondoensis
• Tephra: Ai1

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