Producing Tungsten (W)

W: Tungsten

Elhuijar (Spain) separated in 1783.

Abundance: 1.2ppm(in the earth's crust)

Melt ferberite, wolframite, and hubnerite with sodium carbonate.

(Fe,Mn)WO4 + Na2CO3 Na2WO4 + (Fe,Mn)O + CO2

Extract sodium tungstate by water, and add sulfuric acid.

Na2WO4 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + WO3

Recover solid tungsten oxide, and reduce by hydrogen at 1000 Cersius.

WO3 + 3H2 W + 3H2O